TROPARUL ŞI VIAŢA SF. NICHIFOR

2 iunie

Pomenirea celui între sfinţi Părintele nostru Nichifor Mărturisitorul, patriarhul Constantinopolului.

Acesta a trăit pe vremea împărăţiei păgânului împărat Constantin Copronim, născut în împărăteasa cetăţilor, Constantinopolul, părinţii lui erau de bun neam şi vestiţi, numindu-se Teodor şi Evdochia. Acest Teodor a fost iscălitor de cărţile împărăteşti cele poruncitoare. Şi fiind el pârât că este închinător al dumnezeieştilor icoane, a fost chinuit cu bătăi, şi trimis în izgonire la Milasa cu pază cumplită, şi după aceea a fost chemat, şi nesupunându-se poruncilor împărăteşti, iarăşi a fost izgonit la Niceea, şi trăind acolo şase ani cu multă nevoinţă, şi-a primit sfârşitul. Iar fiul său acesta, cinstitul Nichifor tocmai din naştere a fost înfăşat cu cununile Ortodoxiei şi crescut cu laptele dreptei credinţe, şi trecând vârsta prunciei şi bine-învăţând, a fost rânduit în ceata scriitorilor. După aceea, socotind că toate sunt pleavă şi păianjeni, s-a dus din cetate şi a mers la Propontida. Şi acolo singur a fost dat către Dumnezeu, petrecând cu multe trude şi petrecere rea. Deci întâmplându-se a se săvârşi marele arhiereu Tarasie, Nichifor acesta a fost rugat de împărat să ia scaunul Patriarhiei Constantinopolului. Deci, peste puţină vreme răposând împăratul numit mai sus, şi ajungând fiul său Stavrache moştenitor al împărăţiei, a cărui viaţă scurtă fiind, a primit sceptrul împărăţiei Mihail cel binecredincios. Deci, pe acesta pogorându-l din împărăţie Leon cel cu nume de fiară, şi luând el împărăţia, a stat împotriva sfintelor icoane, şi asupra dreptei noastre credinţe. Însă cu neputinţă este să spunem şi să scriem câte a zis cu îndrăzneală către păgânul şi spurcatul acela cinstitul Părintele nostru Nichifor. Iar urâtorul de Dumnezeu, îndată pogorându-l din scaun şi izgonindu-l şi băgându-l în temniţă, a dat poruncă să nu aibă nici o căutare sau mângâiere de la nimenea. Şi aşa a rămas viteazul suflet chinuindu-se, până când acest ticălos împărat şi-a lepădat sufletul, tăiat fiind şi sfărâmat de ai săi în biserica cea din Far. Iar fericitul acesta, fiind supărat de nevoi şi de patimi rele în mulţi ani, şi fiind aproape de 70 de ani, şi-a dat sufletul său în mâinile lui Hristos Dumnezeu, petrecând nouă ani în arhierie şi 13 ani în surghiun. Deci, se săvârşeşte pomenirea lui în cinstita biserică a Sfinţilor Apostoli, unde se află cinstitele lui moaşte.

Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ὁ Ὁμολογητής Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως

Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος, ὁ Ὁμολογητής, γεννήθηκε στὴν Κωνσταντινούπολη, τὸ 758 μ.Χ., ἀπὸ περιφανεῖς καὶ εὐσεβεῖς γονεῖς, τὸ βασιλικὸ γραμματέα καὶ νοτάριο Θεόδωρο καὶ τὴν Εἰρήνη. Ὁ πατέρας του ἐξορίσθηκε ἀπὸ τὸν αὐτοκράτορα Κωνσταντίνο Ε’ τὸν Κοπρώνυμο (741 – 775 μ.Χ.) στὰ Μύλασσα τῆς Καρίας καὶ μετὰ στὴ Νίκαια, ὅπου μετὰ ἑξαετία ἀπέθανε, διότι ἦταν ὑπέρμαχος τῶν ἱερῶν εἰκόνων.

Ὁ Νικηφόρος εἶχε καλὴ ἐκπαίδευση καὶ ἐχρημάτισε βασιλικὸς γραμματέας, ἀλλὰ ἐπειδὴ εἶχε κλίση στὴ μοναχικὴ πολιτεία, ἐκάρη μοναχὸς καὶ ἀποσύρθηκε σὲ κάποιο λόφο ἀπέναντι τοῦ Θρακικοῦ Βοσπόρου, ὅπου μαζὶ μὲ ἄλλους μοναχοὺς διήνυε τὴν ὁδὸ τῆς ἀσκήσεως.

Γενόμενος γνωστὸς γιὰ τὶς ἀρετές του στὴν Κωνσταντινούπολη, προσκλήθηκε καὶ ἀνέλαβε τὴ διεύθυνση κάποιου πτωχοκομείου τῆς πόλεως. Ὅταν ἐκοιμήθηκε ὁ Ἅγιος Ταράσιος († 25 Φεβρουαρίου), ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος Νικηφόρου Α’ τοῦ Λογοθέτου (803 – 811 μ.Χ.), μὲ τὴν ψῆφο τοῦ κλήρου καὶ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἐξελέγη, στὶς 5 Ἀπριλίου 806 μ.Χ., Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως καὶ ἐχειροτονήθηκε στὶς 12 τοῦ ἰδίου μηνὸς κατὰ τὴν ἡμέρα τοῦ Ἁγίου Πάσχα.

Ὅσο ζοῦσε ὁ βασιλεὺς Νικηφόρος καὶ οἱ διάδοχοί του Σταυράκιος (811 μ.Χ.) καὶ Μιχαὴλ Α’ ὁ Ραγκαβὲς (811 – 813 μ.Χ.), ἡ πατριαρχεία τοῦ Ἁγίου Νικηφόρου ἦταν ὁμαλὴ καὶ ἀπερίσπαστη. Ὄταν ὅμως αὐτοκράτορας ἔγινε ὁ Λέων Ε’ ὁ Ἀρμένιος (813 – 820 μ.Χ.), ὁ ὁποῖος ἦταν εἰκονομάχος, ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ἦταν ἀντίπαλος καὶ ἀτρόμητος ἐπιτιμητὴς τῆς βασιλικῆς ἀσέβειας. Ὁ Πατριάρχης παρέλαβε τὸν Ὅσιο Θεοφύλακτο Νικομηδείας, τὸν Ἅγιο Αἰμιλιανὸ Κυζίκου, τὸν Ἅγιο Εὐθύμιο Σαρδέων, τὸν Εὐδόξιο Ἀμορίου, τὸν Ἅγιο Μιχαὴλ Συνάδων καὶ τὸν Ἅγιο Ἰωσὴφ Θεσσαλονίκης, καὶ ἐπῆγε στὸ παλάτι, γιὰ νὰ ἐλέγξει τὸν αὐτοκράτορα καὶ νὰ τὸν βοηθήσει νὰ ἐπιστρέψει στὴν ὀρθὴ πίστη. Ὁ αὐτοκράτορας ἔμενε ἀμετάπειστος καὶ τοὺς κατεδίκασε ὄλους σὲ ἐξορία. Ὁ Πατριάρχης Νικηφόρος ἐξορίσθηκε ἀρχικὰ στὴ Χρυσούπολη καὶ στὴ συνέχεια στὴ μονὴ τοῦ Ἁγίου Μεγαλομάρτυρος Θεοδώρου κοντὰ στὸν Ἀκρίτα. Ἐκεῖ συνδέθηκε περισσότερο μὲ τὸν Ἅγιο Θεόδωρο τὸν Στουδίτη, ποὺ ἦταν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξορισμένος.

Ὄταν μετὰ ἀπὸ λίγο, δολοφονηθέντος τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος Λέοντος, ἔγινε βασιλέας ὁ Μιχαὴλ Β’ ὁ Τραυλὸς (820 – 829 μ.Χ.), ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ἐπανῆλθε στὴν Κωνσταντινούπολη καὶ ἐζήτησε τὴν ἀποκατάστασή του. Ὁ αὐτοκράτορας Μιχαὴλ ἐδέχθηκε τὴν πρόταση αὐτή, ἀλλ’ ὑπὸ τὸν ὅρο ὁ Ἅγιος νὰ ἀναγνωρίσει τὴν ὑφιστάμενη ἐκκλησιαστικὴ τάξη καὶ νὰ μὴν κινήσει τὸ θέμα τῆς ἀναστηλώσεως τῶν ἱερῶν εἰκόνων. Ὁ Ἅγιος ἀπέκρουσε τὸν ὅρο αὐτὸ καὶ ἐπροτίμησε τὴν ἐξορία, ὅπου καὶ ἀπέθανε τὸ 829 μ.Χ.

Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ὁ Ὁμολογητὴς εἶναι ἐπίσημος στὴν ἱστορία τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, ὄχι μόνο διότι μὲ ἐνθουσιασμὸ καὶ ἱερὸ ζῆλο ἐπολέμησε τοὺς εἰκονομάχους, ἀλλὰ καὶ γιὰ τὴ σπάνια αὐτοῦ συγγραφικὴ ἱκανότητα. Ἐπισημότερα τῶν συγγραμμάτων του εἶναι ἡ «Σύντομος Ἱστορία», τὸ «Χρονολογικὸν σύντομον», ἡ «Στιχομετρία», «Λόγοι ἀντιρρητικοί», «Ἐπιστολαί», καὶ διάφοροι ἐκκλησιαστικοὶ κανόνες.

Ἡ μεγάλη συμβολὴ τοῦ Ἁγίου Νικηφόρου στὴν ὑπερίσχυση καὶ ἐπικράτηση τῶν Ὀρθοδόξων ἀπόψεων ἔγκειται στὴν ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ συστηματικὴ ἀνασκευὴ καὶ ἀναίρεση τῶν εἰκονοκλαστικῶν θέσεων καὶ μάλιστα καὶ τῶν ἀναφερομένων στὸ Χριστολογικὸ δόγμα.

Οἱ εἰκονομάχοι, ἀθετήσαντες τὴν τιμὴ τῶν ἱερῶν εἰκόνων, ἀπέβαλαν εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ τὶς εἰκόνες τῶν Ἀγγέλων. Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικηφόρος ἀπέδειξε μὲ βάση τὴν Παλαιὰ Διαθήκη ὅτι οἱ Ἀγγελικὲς δυνάμεις, ἂν καὶ ἀσώματοι, ἄυλοι καὶ (σχετικῶς) ἀπεριόριστοι, εἰκονίζονται καὶ οἱ εἰκόνες προσαγορεύονται διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τῶν ἀρχετύπων, διὰ τοῦ ὁποίου μεταβιβάζονται σὲ αὐτὲς ἡ χάρη καὶ ἡ εὐλογία ἐκείνων, τῶν ὁποίων καὶ μεταλαμβάνουν οἱ ἀξίως τιμῶντες αὐτές. Ἔτσι, κατὰ τὸν ἱερὸ Πατέρα, οἱ εἰκόνες τῶν Ἀγγέλων δὲν εἶναι ἄψυχα, ἀναίσθητα, ἀπὸ ἄψυχη καὶ ἄλογη ὕλη, ἐπιτεύγματα ἀνθρωπίνων χειρῶν, δὲν εἶναι εἴδωλα, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐπουρανίων Δυνάμεων «ἀφομοιώματα τίμια καὶ ἅγια», «ἱερὰ ἀπεικάσματα καὶ ἀπεικονίσματα», τὴν κατασκευὴ τῶν ὁποίων «Θεός ἐστιν ὁ προστάττων, Θεὸς ὁ κελεύων».
Ἡ Ἐκκλησία ἑορτάζει τὴν ἀνακομιδὴ τοῦ ἱεροῦ λειψάνου αὐτοῦ στὶς 13 Μαρτίου.

Ἀπολυτίκιον. Ἦχος γ’. Θείας πίστεως.
Νίκην ἤνεγκε, τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἡ σὴ ἔνθεος, ὁμολογία, Νικηφόρε Ἱεράρχα θεόληπτε· τὴν γὰρ Εἰκόνα τοῦ Λόγου σεβόμενος, ὑπερορίᾳ ἀδίκως ὡμίλησας. Πάτερ Ὅσιε, Χριστὸν τὸν Θεὸν ἱκέτευε, δωρήσασθαι ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα ἔλεος.

Κοντάκιον. Ἦχος δ’. Ἐπεφάνης σήμερον.
Τὸν τὴν νίκης στέφανον, ὦ Νικηφόρε, οὐρανόθεν ἔνδοξε, ὡς εἰληφὼς παρὰ Θεοῦ, σῶζε τοὺς πίστει τιμῶντάς σε, ὡς Ἱεράρχην Χριστοῦ καὶ Διδάσκαλον.

Μεγαλυνάριον.
Χαίροις Ἐκκλησίας ἔμπνους εἰκών, καὶ Εἰκονομάχων, καθαιρέτης ὁ ἰσχυρός· χαίροις θεοσδότων, δογμάτων ὁ προστάτης, θεόφρον Νικηφόρε, πίστεως ἔρεισμα.

New Martyr John the New of Sochi, who suffered at Belgrade

Commemorated on June 2

The Holy Great Martyr John the New of Sochi, lived in the fourteenth century in the city of Trebizond. He was a merchant, devout and firm in his Orthodoxy, and generous to the poor.

Once, he happened to be sailing on a ship while pursuing his trading activities. The captain of the ship was not Orthodox, but got into an argument about the Faith with St John. Having been vanquished by the saint’s words, the captain resolved to make trouble for him when they got to Belgrade. During the ship’s stay at Belgrade, the captain went to the city ruler, a fire-worshipper, and suggested that on his ship was a studious man who also desired to become a fire-worshipper.

The city ruler invited St John to join the fire-worshippers and renounce his faith in Christ.

The saint prayed secretly, calling on the help of Him Who said, „When they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what you shall speak, neither do you premeditate; but whatsoever will be given you in that hour, speak that, for it is not you that speaks, but the Holy Spirit” (Mark 13:11). And the Lord gave him the courage and understanding to counter all the claims of the impious and firmly confess himself a Christian. After this, the saint was so fiercely beaten with rods that his entire body was lacerated, and the flesh came off in pieces. The holy martyr thanked God for being found worthy to shed his blood for Him and thereby wash away his sins.

Afterwards they put him in chains and dragged him away to prison. In the morning the city ruler ordered the saint brought forth again. The martyr came before him with a bright and cheerful face. The intrepid martyr absolutely refused to deny Christ, denouncing the governor as a tool of Satan. Then they beat him again with rods, so that all his insides were laid bare.

The gathering crowd could not bear this horrible spectacle and they began to shout angrily, denouncing the governor for tormenting a defenseless man. The governor, having the beating stopped, gave orders to tie the Great Martyr to the tail of a wild horse to drag him by the legs through the streets of the city. Residents of the Jewish quarter particularly scoffed at the martyr and threw stones at him. Finally, someone took a sword and cut off his head.

St John’s body with his severed head lay there until evening, and none of the Christians dared to take him away. By night a luminous pillar was seen over him, and a multitude of burning lamps. Three light-bearing men sang Psalms and censed the body of the saint. One of the Jews, thinking that these were Christians coming to take up the remains of the martyr, grabbed a bow and tried to shoot an arrow at them, but he was restrained by the invisible power of God, and became rigid.

In the morning the vision vanished, but the archer continued to stand motionless. Having told the gathering inhabitants of the city about the vision and what was done to him by the command of God, he was freed from his invisible bonds. Having learned about the occurrence, the ruler gave permission to bury the body of the martyr in the local church. This occurred between the years 1330 and 1340. There is some question about the year of the saint’s martyrdom. St Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain gives the year as 1642, while others say it was 1492.

The captain who had betrayed St John repented of his deed, and decided secretly to convey the relics to his own country, but the saint appeared in a dream to the priest of the church, and prevented this. After seventy years the relics were transferred to Sochi, the capital of the Moldo-Valachian principality, and placed in the cathedral church.