TROPARUL ŞI VIAŢA SF. PR. IEZECHIEL
23 iulie
Sfantul Proroc Iezechiel a fost fiul lui Buzi, un preot din cetatea Sarira. Iezechiel a fost luat in captivitate babilonica in vremea lui Nabucodonosor. A fost contemporan cu prorocul Ieremia. Insa, Iezechiel prorocea si invata poporul evreu luat rob in Babilon, spre deosebire de Ieremia care invata poporul si prorocea la Ierusalim.
In Babilon, lui Iezechiel i se fac diverse descoperiri. La raul Chebar, Iezechiel a vazut cerurile deschizandu-se, si un nor mare si un val de foc, care raspandea in toate partile raze stralucitoare; iar in mijlocul focului stralucea ca un metal in vapaie. Si in mijloc am vazut ceva ca patru fiare, a caror infatisare semana cu chipul omenesc. […] Toate patru aveau cate o fata de om inainte, toate patru aveau cate o fata de leu la dreapta, toate patru aveau cate o fata de bou la stanga si toate patru mai aveau si cate o fata de vultur la spate (Iezechiel 1: 4-5, 10). Fata de om arata pe Hristos intrupat in chip de om; fata de leu arata dumnezeirea Lui; fata de bou arata jertfa Lui, iar fata de vultur arata invierea si inaltarea Lui.
Intr-o alta vedenie, Sfantul Proroc Iezechiel a vazut invierea mortilor. Prorocul a vazut o vale plina de oase uscate si moarte, asupra carora pogorand Duhul lui Dumnezeu, ele s-au trezit la viata si s-au ridicat pe picioarele lor. El a mai vazut in duh si cumplita distrugere a Ierusalimului, cand mania lui Dumnezeu i-a ucis pe toti, in afara de aceia insemnati cu litera greceasca Tau, care corespunde literei noastre T, si care simbolizeaza Crucea.
Ἔζησε στὰ χρόνια του Ναβουχοδονόσορα, κατὰ τὸν ἕκτο αἰώνα π.Χ. (κατ’ ἄλλους τὸ 477 π.Χ.). Ὁ πατέρας του ἦταν Ἱερέας καὶ ὀνομαζόταν Βουζί.
Ἡ ἀνατροφὴ τοῦ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ὑπῆρξε πολὺ ἐπιμελημένη, μέσα στὰ πλαίσια τῶν αὐστηρῶν ἠθῶν τῆς πατροπαράδοτης θρησκείας. Ἦταν ἀμείλικτος ἐχθρὸς κάθε κακίας καὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ ἤλεγχε μὲ θάρρος τοὺς ὑπερόπτες καὶ ἀλαζονικοὺς ἄρχοντες. Ὁ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἦταν πολὺ ἀγαπητὸς στὸ λαὸ καὶ πολλοὶ προσέρχονταν σ’ αὐτόν, ἀκόμα καὶ πρεσβύτεροι Ἰουδαῖοι, γιὰ νὰ ζητήσουν τὶς συμβουλές του.
Οἱ προφητεῖες του ἀναφέρονται κυρίως στὴν καταστροφὴ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ μετά. Ἡ παράδοση ἀναφέρει ὅτι ὁ Ἰεζεκιὴλ φονεύθηκε ἀπὸ τὴ φυλὴ τοῦ Γάδ, ἐπειδὴ ἤλεγχε τὶς εἰδωλολατρικές τους ροπές. Τάφηκε στὴ σημερινὴ Βαγδάτη τοῦ Ἰράκ.
Ἂς ἀναφέρουμε, ὅμως, μερικὰ λόγια τοῦ προφήτη, ποὺ δίνουν ἀθάνατα μηνύματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου: «ΚαὶἐγένετολόγοςΚυρίουπρὸςμὲλέγων… ὅτιπᾶσαιαἱψυχαὶἐμαὶεἰσὶν … ἡψυχὴἡἁμαρτάνουσα, αὐτὴἀποθανεῖται. Ὁ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἔσται δίκαιος, ὁ ποιῶν κρίμα καὶ δικαιοσύνην … ζωὴ ζήσεται, λέγει Κύριος».
Δηλαδή, ὁ Κύριος μίλησε σὲ μένα καὶ εἶπε: «κάθε ζωὴ ἀνθρώπου εἶναι δική μου. Αὐτὸς ποὺ ἁμαρτάνει, αὐτὸς καὶ θὰ τιμωρηθεῖ μὲ θάνατο. Ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὅμως, ποὺ εἶναι δίκαιος, αὐτὸς ποὺ τηρεῖ τὶς ἐντολές μου καὶ φέρεται μὲ δικαιοσύνη, αὐτὸς θὰ ζήσει αἰώνια, λέγει ὁ Κύριος».
Ἀπολυτίκιον. Ἦχος γ’. Θείας πίστεως
Θείου Πνεύματος, τῇ ἐπιπνοίᾳ, προκατήγγειλας, Θεοῦ Προφῆτα, ἐσομένων μυστηρίων τὴν ἔκβασιν· τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἀπόρρητον κένωσιν, καὶ αἰωνίων νεκρῶν τὴν ἀνάστασιν· Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἔνδοξε, Χριστὸν τὸν Θεὸν ἱκέτευε, δωρήσασθαι ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα ἔλεος.
Κοντάκιον. Ἦχος γ’. Θείας πίστεως.
Καταυγασθεὶς τῇ θεϊκῇ ἐπιλάμψει, τῆς προφητείας, ὑπεδέξω τὴν χάριν, προζωγραφῶν τὰ μέλλοντα τῷ κόσμῳ τυπικῶς, πύλην ἀδιόδευτον, προϊδὼν τὴν Παρθένον, ἐξ ἧς ὁ Λόγος ἔλαμψεν, ὡς ποιμὴν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, Ἰεζεκιὴλ Προφῆτα τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῆς κατάρας ἡμᾶς ἐλυτρώσατο.
Μεγαλυνάριον.
Ἔσοπτρον ἐδείχθης εἰλικρινές, Τρισηλίου δόξης, ὦ Προφῆτα Ἰεζεκιήλ, καὶ τῶν ἐσομένων, ἐδέξω τὰς ἐμφάσεις, Χριστοῦ προαγορεύσας, τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν.
The Holy Prophet Ezekiel lived in the sixth century before the birth of Christ. He was born in the city of Sarir, and descended from the tribe of Levi ; he was a priest and the son of the priest Buzi. Ezekiel was led off to Babylon when he was twenty-five years old together with King Jechoniah II and many other Jews during the second invasion of Jerusalem by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnessar .
The Prophet Ezekiel lived in captivity by the River Chebar. When he was thirty years old, he had a vision of the future of the Hebrew nation and of all mankind. The prophet beheld a shining cloud, with fire flashing continually, and in the midst of the fire, gleaming bronze. He also saw four living creatures in the shape of men, but with four faces (Ez. 1:6). Each had the face of a man in front, the face of a lion on the right, the face of an ox on the left, and the face of an eagle at the back (Ez. 1:10). There was a wheel on the earth beside each creature, and the rim of each wheel was full of eyes.
Over the heads of the creatures there seemed to be a firmament, shining like crystal. Above the firmament was the likeness of a throne, like glittering sapphire in appearance. Above this throne was the likeness of a human form, and around Him was a rainbow (Ez. 1:4-28).
According to the explanation of the Fathers of the Church, the human likeness upon the sapphire throne prefigures the Incarnation of the Son of God from the Most Holy Virgin Mary, who is the living Throne of God. The four creatures are symbols of the four Evangelists: a man (St Matthew), a lion (St Mark), an ox (St Luke), and an eagle (St John); the wheel with the many eyes is meant to suggest the sharing of light with all the nations of the earth. During this vision the holy prophet fell down upon the ground out of fear, but the voice of God commanded him to get up. He was told that the Lord was sending him to preach to the nation of Israel. This was the begining of Ezekiel’s prophetic service.
The Prophet Ezekiel announces to the people of Israel, held captive in Baylon, the tribulations it would face for not remaining faithful to God. The prophet also proclaimed a better time for his fellow-countrymen, and he predicted their return from Babylon, and the restoration of the Jerusalem Temple.
There are two significant elements in the vision of the prophet: the vision of the temple of the Lord, full of glory (Ez. 44:1-10); and the bones in the valley, to which the Spirit of God gave new life (Ez. 37:1-14). The vision of the temple was a mysterious prefiguring of the race of man freed from the working of the Enemy and the building up of the Church of Christ through the redemptive act of the Son of God, incarnate of the Most Holy Theotokos. Ezekiel’s description of the shut gate of the sanctuary, through which the Lord God would enter (Ez. 44: 2), is a prophecy of the Virgin giving birth to Christ, yet remaining a virgin. The vision of the dry bones prefigured the universal resurrection of the dead, and the new eternal life bestowed by the Lord Jesus Christ.
The holy Prophet Ezekiel received from the Lord the gift of wonderworking. He, like the Prophet Moses, divided the waters of the river Chebar, and the Hebrews crossed to the opposite shore, escaping the pursuing Chaldeans. During a time of famine the prophet asked God for an increase of food for the hungry.
Ezekiel was condemned to execution because he denounced a certain Hebrew prince for idolatry. Bound to wild horses, he was torn to pieces. Pious Hebrews gathered up the torn body of the prophet and buried it upon Maur Field, in the tomb of Sim and Arthaxad, forefathers of Abraham, not far from Baghdad. The prophecy of Ezekiel is found in the book named for him, and is included in the Old Testament.
St Demetrius of Rostov (October 28 and September 21) explains to believers the following concepts in the book of the Prophet Ezekiel: if a righteous man turns from righteousness to sin, he shall die for his sin, and his righteouness will not be remembered. If a sinner repents, and keeps God’s commandments, he will not die. His former sins will not be held against him, beause now he follows the path of righteousness (Ez. 3:20; 18:21-24).